Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C).
Grease and flour a 9-inch (23 cm) round cake pan or line it with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, cream together the granulated sugar and softened butter until light and fluffy.
Beat in the eggs one at a time, ensuring each is fully incorporated before adding the next.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour and baking powder.
Gradually add the flour mixture to the butter mixture, alternating with the milk, beginning and ending with the flour mixture.
Mix until just combined.
Stir in the vanilla extract and lemon zest.
Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan and smooth the top with a spatula.
Bake in the preheated oven for 25-30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Allow the cake to cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer it to a wire rack to cool completely.
Dust with powdered sugar before serving, if desired.
Enjoy your meal!