Heat the vegetable oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over medium heat.
Add the chopped onions and cook until softened and golden brown, about 5-7 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for another minute.
Add the diced tomatoes and cook until they start to break down, about 3-4 minutes.
Stir in the tomato paste and cook for 2 minutes to combine.
Add the chicken pieces to the pot and cook until browned on all sides.
Add the ground cumin, ground coriander, ground turmeric, ground cinnamon, ground black pepper, ground cardamom, ground allspice, ground cloves, and salt to the pot. Stir to coat the chicken with the spices.
Add the potato chunks and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Drain the soaked rice and add it to the pot with the chicken and spices.
Pour in the chicken broth or water and bring to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and simmer for about 30-40 minutes, or until the chicken is fully cooked and the rice is tender.
Once cooked, remove from heat and let it sit covered for 10 minutes before serving.
Garnish with fresh parsley and fried onions if using.
Enjoy your meal!