Rinse the rice under cold water until the water runs clear. This helps to remove excess starch.
Heat the vegetable oil or butter in a large pot over medium heat.
Add the chopped onion and cook until translucent and slightly golden, about 5 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for another minute until fragrant.
Add the diced tomato, bell pepper, and carrots to the pot. Cook for about 5-7 minutes, until the vegetables start to soften.
Stir in the green peas.
Add the ground cumin, paprika, turmeric (if using), thyme or parsley, and bay leaf. Stir well to coat the vegetables with the spices.
Pour in the chicken or vegetable broth and bring the mixture to a boil.
Stir in the rinsed rice and season with salt to taste.
Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and let it simmer for about 18-20 minutes, or until the rice is cooked and the liquid is absorbed.
Once the rice is cooked, remove the pot from heat and let it sit, covered, for 5 minutes.
Fluff the rice with a fork and remove the bay leaf.
Garnish with fresh parsley or cilantro if desired.
Enjoy your meal!