If using fresh bitter leaves, boil them in water for about 15-20 minutes to reduce their bitterness. Drain and rinse well. If using spinach, simply wash and chop.
In a large pot, heat the palm oil over medium heat.
Add the chopped onion and minced garlic. Sauté until the onions are translucent.
Add the beef or chicken chunks to the pot. Season with ground pepper, ground crayfish, and Maggi or seasoning cubes (if using).
Stir well and cook until the meat is browned.
Pour in the beef or chicken broth and bring to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low, cover, and simmer for about 30 minutes, or until the meat is tender.
Stir in the groundnut paste (peanut butter) or ground peanuts. Mix well until fully incorporated.
Cook for an additional 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
If using, add the soaked shrimp or dried fish. Stir well and cook for another 10 minutes.
Stir in the prepared bitter leaves (or spinach). Mix well and cook for an additional 10-15 minutes.
Enjoy your meal!